Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Manifestations and Management
J Am Acad Orthop Surg June 2012 vol. 20 no. 6 Addisu Mesfin Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a homozygous deletion in the SMN1 gene and is manifested by loss of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. Classifications of the disorder are based on age of […]
Surgical Management of Hallux Rigidus
J Am Acad Orthop Surg June 2012 vol. 20 no. 6 Jonathan Thorndike Deland Abstract Hallux rigidus is the most common degenerative joint pathology of the foot. Untreated, it may result in notable limitations in gait, activity level, and daily function. Positive outcomes can be achieved with nonsurgical management; surgery is recommended for the sufficiently […]
Modern Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants
J Am Acad Orthop Surg June 2012 vol. 20 no. 6 Kevin J. Bozic, MD Abstract This Technology Overview was prepared using systematic review methodology and summarizes the findings of studies published as of July 15, 2011, on modern metal-on-metal hip implants. Analyses conducted on outcomes by two joint registries indicate that patients who receive […]
The Musculoskeletal Effects of Perioperative Smoking
J Am Acad Orthop Surg June 2012 vol. 20 no. 6 Evan Argintar Abstract Although the carcinogenic consequences of smoking are well known, further research is needed on the effects of smoking on musculoskeletal health and surgical outcomes. Orthopaedic perioperative complications of smoking include impaired healing, increased infection, delayed and/or impaired fracture union and arthrodesis, […]
The Spine-injured Patient: Initial Assessment and Emergency Treatment
J Am Acad Orthop Surg June 2012 vol. 20 no. 6 Rowan Schouten Abstract Failure to recognize spinal column or spinal cord injuries, or improper treatment of them, can have catastrophic and often irreversible neurologic consequences. Although the initial assessment is often shared with emergency care personnel, an orthopaedic surgeons perspective can elevate the priority […]
Scapular Dyskinesis and Its Relation to Shoulder Injury
J Am Acad Orthop Surg June 2012 vol. 20 no. 6 W. Benjamin Kibler Abstract The scapula plays a key role in nearly every aspect of normal shoulder function. Scapular dyskinesisaltered scapular positioning and motionis found in association with most shoulder injuries. Basic science and clinical research findings have led to the identification of normal […]
Management of Calcaneal Tuberosity Fractures
Rahul Banerjee J Am Acad Orthop Surg April 2012 Abstract Fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity are relatively uncommon and are seen most frequently in elderly and diabetic patients. These injuries are typically avulsion fractures caused by concentric contraction of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complex. Displacement of these fractures can compromise the skin over the posterior aspect […]
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Timothy B. Rapp J Am Acad Orthop Surg April 2012 Abstract Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare skeletal tumors that most commonly occur in the first two decades of life. They primarily develop about the knee but may arise in any portion of the axial or appendicular skeleton. Pathogenesis of these tumors remains controversial and may […]
Medial Epicondyle Fractures in the Pediatric Population
J Am Acad Orthop Surg April 2012 Hilton P. Gottschalk Abstract Humeral medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric population account for up to 20% of elbow fractures, 60% of which are associated with elbow dislocation. Isolated injuries can occur from either direct trauma or avulsion. Medial epicondyle fractures also occur in combination with elbow dislocations. […]
Management of Pediatric Trigger Thumb and Trigger Finger
J Am Acad Orthop Surg April 2012 Apurva S. Shah America. Abstract Pediatric trigger thumb and trigger finger represent distinct conditions and should not be treated like adult acquired trigger finger. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the natural history of pediatric trigger thumb and the etiology and surgical management of pediatric trigger […]